Let's check it out!
Account
Typically, during the installation process, an admin account is prompted to be created with username and password. However, follow these instructions to add new user account with admin access on Ubuntu Linux.
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adduser stevepro usermod -aG sudo stevepro id stevepro su - stevepro |
Alternatively, manage user accounts from Settings | Users user interface to add new user account. Initially, the account user will use the default icon. Consider changing via Settings | Users | Picture | Select File.
Login
If, whenever you attempt to login, you get the Ubuntu black screen with flashing cursor then attempt this fix: Reboot computer and login as recovery mode. Once logged in again, download and install NVIDIA.run.
Checkout here and here how to install nVidia driver on Ubuntu Linux e.g. NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-460.84.run
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sudo su cd Downloads ./NVIDIA.run |
IMPORTANT
If you are running X server then you may get an error when trying to install NVIDIA.run while still logged in:
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Ensure you are logged out! sudo service lightdm stop sudo init 3 ./NVIDIA...run sudo service lightdm start |
In, Software Updater | Additional Drivers, ensure NVidia is set "Using X.Org X server" as alternative driver.
Graphics
Initially, video file formats like mp4 may result in black screen. If so then install all the Multimedia Codecs:
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sudo apt-get update sudo apt install ubuntu-restricted-extras |
Ubuntu
Confirm the version of Ubuntu Linux installed on terminal with lsb_release -a. Upgrade now accordingly:
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sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade sudo reboot command sudo apt install update-manager-core sudo do-release-upgrade sudo reboot lsb_release -a |
Kernel
Mainline is graphical tool to install the latest mainline kernel in Ubuntu Linux. Install Mainline from Terminal:
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sudo add-apt-repository ppa:cappelikan/ppa sudo apt update sudo apt install mainline mainline --check mainline --list |
Diff Tools
On Windows PC, Tortoise Merge is handy tool to compare 2x files whereas WinMerge is handy tool that can compare 2x directories. Meld + KDiff3 are alternatives for Linux both installed from Ubuntu Software Center.
Meld
File | New Comparison. File comparison navigate to file 1. Directory comparison navigate to file 2. Compare.
KDiff3
Similar to WinMerge: A. Directory navigate to directory 1. B. Directory navigate to directory 2. Compare OK.
Disk Space
Use Ubuntu Linux Disk Analyzer utility to identify common locations which can be used to free up disk space:
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rm -rf ~/.local/share/Trash/* du -sh ~/.cache/thumbnails sudo du -h /var/lib/snapd/snaps sudo du -sh /var/cache/apt |
sudo apt-get autoclean sudo apt-get clean sudo journalctl --disk-usage sudo journalctl --vacuum-time=3d |
Find
Here are some simple but effective uses of the find command e.g. find all text in file that follows predicate:
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find -L . -type f -exec grep -HniI 'g++' {} \; > ~/Steven/gpp.txt |
Another useful example is how to find all of the distinct file extensions in a particular folder hierarchy:
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find . -type f | perl -ne 'print $1 if m/\.([^.\/]+)$/' | sort -u |
Shortcuts
| General | Minimize all windows | Ctrl + Alt + D |
| gedit | Move prev tab | Ctrl + Alt + PgUp |
| gedit | Move next tab | Ctrl + Alt + PgDown |
SSH
Secure SHell [SSH] may not be enabled after Ubuntu Linux is installed. Therefore you may get the following:
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ssh stevepro@192.168.15.50 ssh: connect to host 192.168.15.50 port 22: Connection refused |
Server
Here is how to fix the Connection refused issue on port 22. On the destination server set up the following:
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# Make sure OpenSSH is installed # Install SSH # Check SSH service # Start SSH service |
sudo apt list --installed | grep openssh-server sudo apt install openssh-server sudo service ssh status sudo service ssh start |
Client
On source client connect to Files | Other Locations | Connect to Server sftp://stevepro@192.168.15.50.
Also, ssh stevepro@192.168.15.50 should now work!
Mouse Scroll
After setting up new blue tooth mouse the default scroll was too slow. Therefore, install and set up lmwheel:
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sudo apt-get install imwheel |
Create mouse.sh. Integrate the following shell script. Set execute permissions. Configure using ./mouse.sh.
#!/bin/bash
if [ ! -f ~/.imwheelrc ]
then
cat >~/.imwheelrc<<EOF
".*"
None, Up, Button4, 1
None, Down, Button5, 1
Control_L, Up, Control_L|Button4
Control_L, Down, Control_L|Button5
Shift_L, Up, Shift_L|Button4
Shift_L, Down, Shift_L|Button5
EOF
fi
CURRENT_VALUE=$(awk -F 'Button4,' '{print $2}' ~/.imwheelrc)
NEW_VALUE=$(zenity --scale --window-icon=info --ok-label=Apply --title="Wheelies" --text "Mouse wheel speed:" --min-value=1 --max-value=100 --value="$CURRENT_VALUE" --step 1)
if [ "$NEW_VALUE" == "" ];
then exit 0
fi
sed -i "s/\($TARGET_KEY *Button4, *\).*/\1$NEW_VALUE/" ~/.imwheelrc # find the string Button4, and write new value.
sed -i "s/\($TARGET_KEY *Button5, *\).*/\1$NEW_VALUE/" ~/.imwheelrc # find the string Button5, and write new value.
cat ~/.imwheelrc
imwheel -kill
VNC Viewer
If you are transitioning from Windows to Linux you may like to remote desktop from Windows to Linux box.
Linux
Follow all instructions. Change Ubuntu desktop manager from GNOME to LightDM. Install X11VNC as service on Ubuntu. Launch Terminal and enter the following. When prompted, ensure you choose lightdm not gdm3:
sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install lightdm sudo reboot sudo apt-get install x11vnc
After installing LightDM, rebooting and installing X11VNC, configure x11vnc.service. Replace your password!
sudo gedit /lib/systemd/system/x11vnc.service [Unit] Description=x11vnc service After=display-manager.service network.target syslog.target [Service] Type=simple ExecStart=/usr/bin/x11vnc -forever -display :0 -auth guess -passwd REPLACE_WITH_YOUR_LOGIN_PASSWORD ExecStop=/usr/bin/killall x11vnc Restart=on-failure [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target
Finally, after configuring x11vnc.service, enter the following commands to complete the VNC Viewer setup.
systemctl daemon-reload systemctl enable x11vnc.service systemctl start x11vnc.service systemctl status x11vnc.service ip addr | grep 192 # NOTE the IP address 192.168.1.X
IMPORTANT
Don't lock the screen as you won't be able to VNC back in! Change Settings | Privacy | Screen Lock to this:
WindowsDownload and install VNC Viewer. Launch VNC Viewer. Setup Team. Choose File | New Connection. Enter the IP address from above on port 5000 for VNC Server e.g. 192.168.1.X:5900. Enter friendly name + Connect.
When prompted choose Continue. Enter password | Check Remember password. Unfortunately not all keys may work e.g. Caps Lock. Also, you may have to disable and re-enable Repeat Keys from Universal Access.
Summary
Now we have a dedicated Ubuntu Linux workstation set up we are all set for cloud computing development!
